Do I Have High Functioning Autism?
Understanding High-Functioning Autism: Characteristics, Support Strategies, and More
Welcome to our blog post dedicated to unraveling the world of high-functioning autism, a specific profile within the autism spectrum disorder (ASD). By exploring the distinctive characteristics, effective support strategies, and valuable insights, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of high-functioning autism. Whether you are a caregiver, educator, or seeking information for yourself or a loved one, this article offers essential knowledge to better support individuals with high-functioning autism.
Defining High-Functioning Autism within the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Autism is a spectrum, and every person with autism is different and unique. It is often said, “if you know one person with autism, you know one person with autism.” Autism does not always present the same way, even within families, and a person with autism will have different signs and traits than others with autism. Oftentimes, these signs are not recognized until adulthood. Someone with mild signs of autism may not find their life impacted much at all. Sometimes we refer to these individuals as having high functioning autism.
What is High-Functioning Autism?
High-functioning autism is a term used to describe individuals on the autism spectrum who exhibit typical or above-average intellectual abilities. While not an official medical diagnosis, the term “high functioning autism” refers to a pattern of disordered traits and behavior consistent with a diagnosis of autism but still allows the individual to function relatively well in society. It falls under the broader umbrella of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, and sensory processing.
According to the DSM-IV an early diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (or ASD) can be made when there are “persistent deficits in each of three areas of social communication and interaction” and “at least two of four types of restricted, repetitive behaviors.” In 2013, the DSM-V was released. In the DSM-V, the broader diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Diagnosis replaced the previous grouping of Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder.
A person who would have previously been diagnosed with Asperger’s Disorder is now thought of as having “high functioning autism” on the ASD spectrum.
What are Signs of High-Functioning Autism?
Individuals with high-functioning autism display specific characteristics that differentiate them within the autism spectrum. Some key traits include difficulties with social cues, communication challenges, and sensory sensitivities. It's important to note that each person with high-functioning autism is unique, and there may be variations in the specific characteristics they exhibit.
People with high functioning autism may have developed a series of coping mechanisms and compensatory strategies over time that help to “mask” the signs of autism, which can make it more difficult to determine autism severity. These individuals, especially if they were not diagnosed as children, may not realize that they have autism and see their ASD behaviors and coping mechanisms in daily life as normal.
It is important to remember that one individual will not exhibit every single one of these traits, and the degree to which these traits are exhibited will differ from person to person. Autism can look slightly different in a child than in an adult who may have learned how to adapt their behaviors. In addition, the signs of autism can differ widely in women and girls versus men and boys.
Signs of High-Functioning Autism in Adults
The common signs of high-functioning autism in adults are very similar to those in children but will change situationally as children grow up.
It is a good idea to review the childhood list in addition to the one below, as many of the signs may overlap. Some of the most common traits in adults include:
Inability to maintain eye contact without discomfort
Trouble assessing social cues
Anxiety in social settings
Has a hard time with the nuances of verbal communication and trouble understanding jokes and sarcasm
Rituals and restrictive habits
Easily overloaded by sensory input or overwhelmed
Trouble making decisions
Adherence to strict routines
Noticing sensory input (sounds, smells, etc.) that others don’t
Difficulty speaking in a two-way conversation
Ability to “hyperfocus” on work or a specific interest
Experiencing emotions more intensely than others
Frustration with even small changes or disruptions
Sensitivity to light, noise, or smell
Difficulty with transitions; frequently late
Would prefer to listen and observe than speak and interact
Often accused of being rude or blunt.
May have perfectionism in certain areas.
Prefers to work at home or away from others
Avoids stressful social situations such as parties
May be seen as “selfish” due to being overly concerned with oneself.
Has a hard time tracking when more than one conversation is occurring at once
Has a tendency to take things literally.
Another common sign of ASD in both children and adults is the presence of common comorbidities, including anxiety disorders, depression, ADHD, OCD, and bipolar disorder.
Support Strategies for High-Functioning Autism:
Individuals with high-functioning autism possess unique strengths and challenges that require specific support strategies to promote their well-being and success. In therapy we focus on social and communication skills development, sensory sensitivity management, executive functioning support, learning emotional emotional regulation and coping strategies. Additionally, academic and work accommodations can help by implements appropriate supports.
Can a Person with High-Functioning Autism Live a Normal Life?
Yes, Absolutely. Some people wonder if individuals with high-functioning autism can lead normal lives. While the concept of "normal" varies for each person, it is important to recognize that individuals with high-functioning autism can indeed lead fulfilling and meaningful lives.Many people with high functioning autism do not even realize they are on the spectrum until later in life, indicating that it is not only possible but quite common to live a “normal” life with high functioning autism.
Life on the spectrum is just like any other life, but with a few small differences in personality and behavior.
Many people with high-functioning autism are able to get married, start a family, maintain friendships, live on their own, go to college, and have a career!
It is crucial to approach the concept of a "normal" life with flexibility and acceptance. Rather than striving for a predetermined standard, the focus should be on providing support, fostering inclusion, and celebrating the unique abilities and strengths of individuals with high-functioning autism. With understanding, opportunities, and a supportive environment, individuals with high-functioning autism can lead rich and rewarding lives that align with their own unique versions of "normal."
Should I Pursue a Diagnosis of Autism?
The decision of whether or not to get an official diagnosis is a very personal one. Getting a diagnosis can lead to a better understanding of yourself and others and the ability to learn to manage your symptoms. The benefits of pursuing a diagnosis of autism includes:
Understanding and Acceptance: Receiving a formal diagnosis of autism can provide you with a sense of understanding and clarity. It can validate your experiences and explains the challenges you may have faced throughout your lives. Understanding your autism diagnosis can lead to self-acceptance and self-compassion, promoting overall well-being.
Access to Support and Services: A formal diagnosis opens doors to a wide range of support services and resources specifically designed for individuals with autism. These can include specialized therapies, educational accommodations, social skills training, and access to support groups. Having a diagnosis can also help in navigating the healthcare system and accessing appropriate interventions and treatments.
Tailored Interventions and Strategies: With a diagnosis, individuals can benefit from interventions and strategies that are specifically tailored to address their unique strengths and challenges. Autism-focused therapies, such as Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Social Communication Intervention, or Neurodiversity Affirming Therapy, modulaties that target specific areas of development, such as social skills, communication, sensory sensitivities, and executive functioning.
Self-Advocacy and Empowerment: By knowing your autism diagnosis you can become empowered to become a self-advocate. It can provide you with language to explain your needs and challenges to others, fostering better understanding and support from family, friends, educators, and employers.
Building a Support Network: A diagnosis can connect individuals and families with a community of people who share similar experiences. Support groups, online forums, and local organizations focused on autism can offer valuable emotional support, guidance, and a sense of belonging. Building connections with others who understand the challenges and triumphs of autism can be a source of strength and encouragement.
Future Planning and Legal Protections: A formal diagnosis of autism can assist with future planning, especially in areas such as education, employment, and financial assistance. It may open doors to specific programs, scholarships, or accommodations that can support individuals in pursuing their goals. In some cases, a diagnosis may also provide legal protections under disability rights laws.
While pursuing a diagnosis of autism is a personal decision, the potential benefits mentioned above highlight how it can contribute to personal growth, well-being, and access to support and resources. It is essential to consult with healthcare professionals and specialists experienced in autism evaluation and diagnosis to make an informed decision based on individual circumstances.